Malaria Antigen Test

Key Details About Malaria Antigen Tests:

• How it Works: The test uses immunochromatographic methods to detect parasite antigens in peripheral blood. A colored line appears for positive results (similar to a pregnancy test).
• What it Detects:
  • HRP-II (Histidine-Rich Protein II): Specific to P. falciparum only.
  • pLDH (Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase) or Aldolase: Detects other species (P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale) or all species (Pan-specific).
• Test Procedure:
  • A blood sample is collected (finger-stick or venipuncture).
  • The blood is applied to a test strip with a buffer solution.
  • Results are read within 15–30 minutes.
• Advantages: Rapid, simple, and does not require a laboratory setting or highly skilled personnel.
• Limitations:
  • HRP-II Persistence: Tests for HRP-II can remain positive for up to 2 weeks after effective treatment.
  • Sensitivity: Lower parasite densities may lead to false negatives compared to microscopy.
  • Confirmation: Positive RDTs are often followed by microscopy to determine the exact species and parasite density.

When is a Test Needed?

Doctors recommend this test when symptoms of malaria are present, including:

• High fever, chills, and sweats
• Headache, fatigue, and body aches
• Nausea and vomiting